The answer would be yes, it does.
Loss of privacy is one - As you spend more time using and contributing to public resources - like public transportation, recycling, shutting down unoccupied areas of your home, etc. - you start to lose a bit of your privacy, as you would be measuring yourself (even on an honor system) on how you stack up being green against others. We would then be paying a premium for our private spaces (a house less used less valued per sq ft).
Although communal pooling of resources always yields economies of scale, but there is effort involved in orchestrating that economy, not a material expenditure. This assumes the capital expenditures are overcome (remember, municipal supply of these resources are based on estimated demand, and as we make more use of public transport, demand will go up and supply needs to meet it).
Composting on a personal scale requires time and effort - opportunity costs against social/personal needs, as well as possible revenue opportunities.
Then there are the developmental costs to add resource/material recovery into a design. When is a solution "green" enough? Just like any solution, when things go wrong, it costs money to clean up. For example, nuclear power has lost much of its "greenness" not because of its potential, but because of its risks in the implementation. Nuclear disasters "prove" the dangers, but if we designed the technology better, we may have had nuclear powered PC's and iphones today instead of gas guzzling, coal-fired cars.
How about buying supporting local? The costs are to our collective experiences - we'd never experience Chinese or Italian food, eat an orange, go off to college, even get to hike across Africa or dive in the Great Barrier Reef. None of that could be had if we went green and stayed local. It's all a matter of degrees, sure, but the tradeoffs have some costs associated with them.
The costs are everywhere and money just allows for these costs to be compared. We need to stop looking it that way and just do the right thing. You guys sound like the Age of Reason trying to scientifically justify the presence of God. I didn't raise a family because it was the cheaper option- I felt it was the BETTER option.